您可以使用barplot的matrix形式（即，为height提供矩阵而不是向量-每列表示一个条形图，每行表示堆叠条形图或旁边的隐藏条形图（beside = TRUE））。然后每个组已经很好地放在一起，组之间有一些间隙。
然后你需要一些摆弄标签，你可以得到非常接近Excel正在做的事情：

with(data, {
  op <- par(mar = c(7, 4, 4, 2) + .1) ## make some space for the labels below
  barplot(rbind(E_Plus, iTE), ## use matrix form
          col = c("steelblue", "orange"),
          beside = TRUE
  )
  ## Tree_Type below each group
  text(seq(2, by = 3, length.out = 12), par("usr")[3] - .25, 
       srt = 90, adj = 1, xpd = TRUE,
       labels = Tree_Type) ## xpd = TRUE to put labels outside the plotting area
  ## City centered below each group of three Tree_Types
  text(seq(5, by = 9, length.out = 4), par("usr")[3] - 1500, 
       xpd = TRUE, labels = unique(City))
  x <- seq(.5, by = 9, length.out = 5)
  ## lines as in the Excel variant
  segments(x, 0, x, par("usr")[3] - 1700, col = "lightgray", xpd = TRUE)
  par(op)
})

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x1c 0d1x的数据

我们可以reshape数据，并使用一些算法来避免硬编码（尽可能多地）。

r <- reshape(data, idvar='Tree_Type', timevar='City', v.names=c('E_Plus', 'iTE'),
             direction='w') |>
  {\(.) `rownames<-`(.[, -1], .[, 1])}() |> as.matrix()

sq <- seq_len(ncol(r)); .clr <- c('#2297e6', '#ffa500')

par(mar=c(10, 4, 4, 2))

plot.new()
plot.window(c(2.5, prod(dim(r))*2.15), c(range(r)))
lapply(seq(0, max(r), 1e3), \(i) abline(h=i, col='gray80'))
b <- barplot(unlist(lapply(unique(data$City), \(x) t(r[, grep(x, colnames(r))]))), 
             space=c(2, .25), col=.clr, legend.text=c('E+', 'iTE'), las=1, add=T)
mtext(rownames(r), 1, 0.5, at=colMeans(matrix(b, 2)), las=2)
mtext(unique(data$City), 1, 6, at=colMeans(matrix(b, 6)), las=1, col=8)
b2 <- matrix(b[-1, ], 2) |> suppressWarnings()
n <- nrow(r)
pos <- colMeans(b2[, seq_len(ncol(b2)) %% n == 0][, 1:n])
.d <- diff(tail(pos, 2))
pos <- c(pos[1] - .d, pos, pos[length(pos)] + .d)
segments(pos, 0, pos, -.26e4, xpd=TRUE, col='gray80')

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x1c 0d1x的数据
很遗憾barplot还没有panel.first=参数！

• 数据：*

data <- structure(list(City = c("Minneapolis", "Minneapolis", "Minneapolis", 
"Orlando", "Orlando", "Orlando", "Phoenix", "Phoenix", "Phoenix", 
"Sacramento", "Sacramento", "Sacramento"), Tree_Type = c("No Tree", 
"Medium Tree", "Large Tree", "No Tree", "Medium Tree", "Large Tree", 
"No Tree", "Medium Tree", "Large Tree", "No Tree", "Medium Tree", 
"Large Tree"), E_Plus = c(158, 133, 123, 879, 863, 827, 2858, 
2812, 2779, 421, 363, 351), iTE = c(1354, 1337, 1331, 6057, 6043, 
6041, 4356, 4336, 4328, 2125, 2099, 2078)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-12L))

型