要在一个关键帧完成后才播放一个关键帧，您可以创建不同的时间轴，并在时间轴.setOnFinished（）函数中播放下一个。
对于你的例子，它看起来像这样：

Pane selectedPane = select_pane.getValue();
                
double rootWidth = root_pane.getWidth();
double rootHeight = root_pane.getHeight();
double sixthWidth = rootWidth / 6;
KeyValue moveTopLeftX = new KeyValue(selectedPane.layoutXProperty(), 0);
KeyValue moveDownY = new KeyValue(selectedPane.layoutYProperty(), root_pane.getHeight()                   -    selectedPane.getHeight());
KeyValue moveRightX = new KeyValue(selectedPane.layoutXProperty(), sixthWidth);
KeyValue rotate180 = new KeyValue(selectedPane.rotateProperty(), 180);
KeyValue moveToTopY = new KeyValue(selectedPane.layoutYProperty(), 0);
KeyFrame startFrame = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), moveTopLeftX, moveToTopY);
KeyFrame moveToRight = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(2), moveRightX);
KeyFrame rotateBack = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), rotate180);
KeyFrame moveToBottom = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(6), moveDownY);
KeyFrame moveToTop = new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(6), moveToTopY);
Timeline timelineStart = new Timeline(startFrame, moveToBottom, moveToRight);
Timeline timelineRotateBack = new Timeline(rotateBack);
Timeline timelineMoveToTop = new Timeline(moveToTop);
timelineStart.setOnFinished(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
            @Override
            public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
                timelineRotateBack.play();
            }
        });
timelineRotateBack.setOnFinished(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
            @Override
            public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
                timelineMoveToTop.play();
            }
        });
timelineStart.play();

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在这里，它将播放所有这些关键帧（startFrame，moveToBottom，moveToRight）第一，当所有动画完成时，它将播放rotateBack KeyFrame，当这一个完成时，它将播放moveToTop

过渡是解决这个问题的好方法

提供了一个基于SequentialTransition而不是Timeline的示例。您可以使用Timeline来代替，正如其他评论或答案中所指出的那样。然而，对于您描述的功能，使用transitions似乎更适合。
该示例对TranslateTransition和RotateTransition类型的各种事务进行排序，以执行所需的动画。
如果您希望部分序列并行执行，那么您可以对这些部分使用ParallelTransition（如果需要，可以组合并行和顺序转换）。

动画使用translate属性

在执行动画时，应该使用translate X/Y/Z属性，而不是layoutX/Y属性。虽然您可以对布局更改进行动画处理，但这是一个高级主题，不建议对JavaFX新手使用。这里提供的示例基于translate属性，而不是layout属性。

选择合适的插值器

关键帧的默认插值器是LINEAR，过渡的默认插值器是EASE_BOTH。通过在关键帧或过渡上设置插值器来选择适合您应用程序的插值器。对于这个例子，我觉得过渡的默认EASE_BOTH插值是最合适的，从而产生更平滑的动画感觉。

示例代码

import javafx.animation.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TransitionApp extends Application {
    private static final Color INDIA_INK = Color.web("#3d3f4a");
    private static final double W = 400, H = 400;
    private static final double BOX_W = 20, BOX_H = 20;
    private static final double BOX_TOP_SIDE_INDICATOR_H = 3;
    private static final double MOVE_STEP = 50;
    private static final Duration TIME_STEP = Duration.seconds(3);
    public void start(Stage stage) throws IOException {
        Group box = createBox(BOX_W, BOX_H, BOX_TOP_SIDE_INDICATOR_H);
        box.setTranslateX(W / 2 - BOX_W / 2);
        box.setTranslateY(H / 2 - BOX_H / 2);
        Pane root = new Pane(box);
        root.setBackground(Background.fill(INDIA_INK));
        root.setPrefSize(W, H);
        stage.setResizable(false);
        stage.setScene(new Scene(root));
        stage.show();
        SequentialTransition transition = createTransition(box);
        transition.play();
    }
    private SequentialTransition createTransition(Group box) {
        TranslateTransition moveToTopLeft = new TranslateTransition(TIME_STEP);
        moveToTopLeft.setToX(0);
        moveToTopLeft.setToY(0);
        TranslateTransition moveToBottom = new TranslateTransition(TIME_STEP.multiply(2));
        moveToBottom.setToY(H - BOX_H);
        TranslateTransition moveRight = new TranslateTransition(TIME_STEP);
        moveRight.setToX(MOVE_STEP);
        RotateTransition rotate180 = new RotateTransition(TIME_STEP);
        rotate180.setByAngle(180);
        TranslateTransition moveToTop = new TranslateTransition(TIME_STEP.multiply(2));
        moveToTop.setToY(0);
        SequentialTransition sequentialTransition = new SequentialTransition(
                box,
                moveToTopLeft, moveToBottom, moveRight, rotate180, moveToTop
        );
        sequentialTransition.setAutoReverse(true);
        sequentialTransition.setCycleCount(Transition.INDEFINITE);
        
        return sequentialTransition;
    }
    private static Group createBox(double w, double h, double topSideIndicatorH) {
        Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(
                w, h, Color.GREEN
        );
        Rectangle topLine = new Rectangle(
                w, topSideIndicatorH, Color.RED
        );
        return new Group(
                rectangle, topLine
        );
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

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