在OpenCV中，仅支持Hershey字体的一个子集。
在opencv2/core.hpp中，您可以找到此枚举HersheyFonts。

//! Only a subset of Hershey fonts
enum HersheyFonts {
    FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX        = 0, //!< normal size sans-serif font
    FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN          = 1, //!< small size sans-serif font
    FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX         = 2, //!< normal size sans-serif font (more complex than FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX)
    FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX        = 3, //!< normal size serif font
    FONT_HERSHEY_TRIPLEX        = 4, //!< normal size serif font (more complex than FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX)
    FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL  = 5, //!< smaller version of FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX
    FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX = 6, //!< hand-writing style font
    FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_COMPLEX = 7, //!< more complex variant of FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX
    FONT_ITALIC                 = 16 //!< flag for italic font
};

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如果你想使用自定义字体，你可以试试PIL.ImageFont。
下面是一个基本的例子：

import numpy as np
from PIL import ImageFont, ImageDraw, Image
import cv2
import time
## Make canvas and set the color
img = np.zeros((200,400,3),np.uint8)
b,g,r,a = 0,255,0,0
## Use cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_XXX to write English.
text = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S %Z", time.localtime()) 
cv2.putText(img,  text, (50,50), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (b,g,r), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
## Use simsum.ttc to write Chinese.
fontpath = "./simsun.ttc"     
font = ImageFont.truetype(fontpath, 32)
img_pil = Image.fromarray(img)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img_pil)
draw.text((50, 100),  "国庆节/中秋节 快乐!", font = font, fill = (b, g, r, a))
img = np.array(img_pil)
## Display 
cv2.imshow("res", img);cv2.waitKey();cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv2.imwrite("res.png", img)

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对于新的查看器，OpenCV通过FreeType2类支持自定义字体，自OpenCV 3.0.0起。

x1c 0d1x的数据
你也可以使用pilasOPENCV库，在https://github.com/bunkahle/PILasOPENCV中找到，将truetype字体与Python OpenCV结合使用。不需要PIL或Pillow。该模块依赖于freetype-py库。字体将像这样导入：

from __future__ import print_function
import PILasOPENCV as Image
import PILasOPENCV as ImageDraw
import PILasOPENCV as ImageFont
import cv2
# was: from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 18)
print(font)
im = Image.open("lena.jpg")
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
text = "Lena's image"
draw.text((249,455), text, font=font, fill=(0, 0, 0))
# in PIL:
# print(font.getsize(text))
# mask = font.getmask(text)
print(ImageFont.getsize(text, font))
mask = ImageFont.getmask(text, font)
print(type(mask))
cv2.imshow("mask", mask)
im.show()

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这个库是围绕常用PIL函数的 Package 器，但在内部与OpenCV一起工作。

为了补充@Pavlos Fragkiadoulakis的答案：这里有一个使用OpenCV 4.8.0在Python中创建带有文本和自定义字体的空二进制图像的示例。

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
text = str(-1.234)
font_height = 400
thickness = 1
# load font and check text size
ft = cv.freetype.createFreeType2()
ft.loadFontData("Seven Segment.ttf", 0)
width, height = ft.getTextSize(text, font_height, thickness)[0]
# create empty white image (slightly bigger than text size)
binary_image = np.ones((int(1.05*height), int(1.05*width)), dtype=np.uint8) * 255
# adjust text positioning
text_origin = (0, height+5)
# add text to image
ft.putText(binary_image, text, text_origin, font_height, (0, 0, 0), thickness, cv.LINE_8, True)
# display image
cv.imshow("", binary_image)
cv.waitKey()

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