嗯，它看起来像行间-列间处理，这意味着你可以使用Oracle's MODEL Clause。它的工作原理很像excel工作表寻址单个单元格。

WITH    --  S a m p l e   D a t a :
    tbl AS
        (   Select 'P1' "A_NAME",  Date '2023-11-01' "START_DATE", Null "END_DATE" From Dual Union All
            Select 'P2' "A_NAME",  Date '2023-11-01' "START_DATE", Date '2023-11-05' "END_DATE" From Dual Union All
            Select 'P3' "A_NAME",  Date '2023-11-01' "START_DATE", Null "END_DATE" From Dual Union All
            Select 'P4' "A_NAME",  Date '2023-11-02' "START_DATE", Null "END_DATE" From Dual Union All
            Select 'P2' "A_NAME",  Date '2023-11-02' "START_DATE", Null "END_DATE" From Dual 
        )

--  M a i n    S Q L :
SELECT    A_NAME, START_DATE, END_DATE, SEQUENCE_NUMBER
FROM    ( Select  ROWNUM "RN", A_NAME, START_DATE, END_DATE, 0 "SEQUENCE_NUMBER"
          From    tbl
        )
             -- RowNum (RN) used to uniquely identify rows
        MODEL   Dimension By ( RN )
                Measures ( A_NAME, START_DATE, END_DATE, SEQUENCE_NUMBER, 0 "SEQUENCES" )
        RULES
            ( SEQUENCE_NUMBER[ANY] =  Case When   Case  When Nvl(Count(START_DATE)[RN < CV()], 0) + 1 <= 3 
                                                        Then Nvl(Count(START_DATE)[RN < CV()], 0) + 1 
                                                  Else 0 End = 0
                                              Then  0
                                      Else   Case When Nvl(Count(START_DATE)[RN < CV()], 0) + 1 <= 3 
                                                  Then Nvl(Count(START_DATE)[RN < CV()], 0) + 1   -- this gives non conditional sequences (1 - 3)
                                             Else 0 End
                                      End,
                  --
               -- added colummn SEQUENCES to control the sequence numbers used before the current row
                  SEQUENCES[ANY] = Nvl(Max(SEQUENCE_NUMBER)[RN < CV(RN)], 0),
                  --
                  SEQUENCE_NUMBER[ANY] = Case When SEQUENCE_NUMBER[CV()] = 0
                                              Then Case When SEQUENCES[CV()] = 3 And 
                                                             Min(SEQUENCE_NUMBER)[RN < CV()] = 1 And
                                                             Max(SEQUENCES)[RN < CV()] < 3
                                                        Then Min(SEQUENCE_NUMBER)[RN < CV()] + 1  -- this gives conditional sequence when first is used (used + 1)
                                                   End  -- no Else part (same as Else Null) gives Null when (used + 1) is also done
                                         Else SEQUENCE_NUMBER[CV()]
                                         End
                )

/*    R e s u l t :
A_NAME START_DATE END_DATE  SEQUENCE_NUMBER                            
------ ---------- --------- --------------- 
P1     01-NOV-23                          1 
P2     01-NOV-23  05-NOV-23               2 
P3     01-NOV-23                          3 
P4     02-NOV-23                          2 
P2     02-NOV-23                             */