发生错误的原因是SELECT无法识别orders__line_items，您必须在子查询中准备选定的列。
如果id是唯一一个不明确的列，这里有一个解决方案：

SELECT
    orlin.id,
    CAST(orlin.created_at::timestamptz AS date) AS timestamp,
    orlin.price_set__shop_money__amount AS price,
    orlin.quantity AS quantity,
    orlin._sdc_source_key_id as prova,
    orlin.product_id as product_id
FROM (
  SELECT orders__line_items.id,
         created_at,
         price_set__shop_money__amount,
         quantity,
         _sdc_source_key_id,
         product_id
  FROM orders__line_items
  LEFT JOIN shopify_a100."orders" ON _sdc_source_key_id = shopify_a100."orders"."id"
  LEFT JOIN shopify_a100."products" ON "product_id" = shopify_a100."products"."id"
) AS orlin

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