python-3.x 为什么字符串乘法的字节码不同?

62lalag4  于 2023-11-20  发布在  Python
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我正在玩字符串,遇到了以下行为:

>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis('"abcdefgh" * 513')
  1           0 LOAD_CONST               0 ('abcdefgh')
              2 LOAD_CONST               1 (513)
              4 BINARY_MULTIPLY
              6 RETURN_VALUE
>>> dis.dis('"abcdefgh" * 512')
  1           0 LOAD_CONST               0 ('abcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefghabcdefgh')
              2 RETURN_VALUE

字符串
正如你所看到的,当我将"abcdefgh"乘以512时,python在编译阶段预先计算了完整的字符串,但是当我将数字更改为513时,它不再这样做,相反,它生成两个LOAD_CONSTBINARY_MULTIPLY操作码(换句话说,python在编译阶段不再预先计算结果)。有人能解释一下这种行为的原因吗?
注意:从代码的Angular 来看,我知道它工作得很好,但我很想知道这种行为的原因。

hrysbysz

hrysbysz1#

这被称为constant folding。您将看到AST优化,特别是Python/ast_opt.c中的fold_binop
对大小进行限制的原因是为了防止AST在试图折叠巨大常量时阻塞。我们不希望Python在解析/编译阶段花费太多时间,这可能会导致问题。例如,这意味着导入这个模块会变得非常慢并且占用内存:

if False:
    100 ** 10000000000
print("hello world")

字符串
"abcdegh" * 512的长度为4096,也就是MAX_STR_SIZE。当你使用"abcdefgh" * 513时,AST优化器会决定这不再是一个safe_multiply

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