这是因为您没有设置blob的content type属性（默认值为application/octet-stream，在大多数浏览器中会触发下载）。如果您希望PDF文件正确显示，您需要将PDF文件的内容类型更改为application/pdf（对于jpeg文件，为image/jpeg）。
您可以使用Azure Storage Explorer、Cloud Storage Studio、CloudBerry、CloudXplorer等常用工具或使用SDK更改内容类型。请注意，其中一些工具会在上传文件后自动将内容类型设置为正确的类型。

blob.Properties.ContentType = "application/pdf";

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//通过扩展名获取文件的内容类型

public static string GetFileContentType(string FilePath)
    {
        string ContentType = String.Empty;
        string Extension = Path.GetExtension(FilePath).ToLower();

        switch (Extension)
        {
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_PDF:
                ContentType = "application/pdf";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_TXT:
                ContentType = "text/plain";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_BMP:
                ContentType = "image/bmp";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_GIF:
                ContentType = "image/gif";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_PNG:
                ContentType = "image/png";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_JPG:
                ContentType = "image/jpeg";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_JPEG:
                ContentType = "image/jpeg";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_XLS:
                ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_XLSX:
                ContentType = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_CSV:
                ContentType = "text/csv";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_HTML:
                ContentType = "text/html";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_XML:
                ContentType = "text/xml";
                break;
            case ConstantUtility.FILE_EXTENSION_ZIP:
                ContentType = "application/zip";
                break;
            default:
                ContentType = "application/octet-stream";
                break;

        }

        return ContentType;
    }

型
保存blob时使用此选项设置blob的内容类型。
Set Content-type of media files stored on Blob

对于那些通过PowerShell上传文件，使用下面的语法在上传过程中设置内容类型。

Set-AzureStorageBlobContent -File <localFilePath> -Container <containerName> -Properties @{"ContentType"="text/plain"} -Context $ctx

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上面我将blob内容类型设置为text/plain，这在上传将与模板一起使用的JSON和HTML文件时很有用。更多内容类型头值列表here。

如果使用Azure SDK（12.x+），则需要使用传递到上传方法的BlobHttpHeaders（而不是blob.Properties.ContentType）。
举例来说：

var header = new BlobHttpHeaders();
    header.ContentType = "image/jpeg";

    var response = await blobClient.UploadAsync(stream, header);

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我有一个类似的问题，想通过Twilio Whatsapp API发送OGG（语音消息）。
对我来说，这解决了问题：

const data = fs.readFileSync(audioFilePath);

    // Setting the content type as audio/ogg
    
    const uploadOptions = {
        blobHTTPHeaders: {
            blobContentType: 'audio/ogg',
        },
    };

 const uploadBlobResponse = await blockBlobClient.upload(data, data.length, uploadOptions);

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感谢sudhAnsu 63和Steve G提供有用的答案！
这里是一个最小的可复制的代码解决方案，在Visual Basic中设置ContentType并通过调用函数“uploadImageBlob”上传到Azure Blob存储，设置内容类型将帮助浏览器知道如何处理图像，这样它将只显示图像/文件，而不是在访问时开始下载。
顺便说一句，我不会只是复制和粘贴到您的代码，并希望您处理您的连接字符串和文件名在一个更好的，更动态的方式。

Public Function uploadImageBlob() As String
                ' variables we will need in this function
                Const containerName As String = "exampleContainer"
                Dim azureConnectionString As String = WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("NameOfConnectionString").ConnectionString

                Dim fileNameWithExtension As String = "example.png"
                Dim filePath As String = "/WhereYourImagesAre/"

                ' requires being able to use path
                Dim blobName As String = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(fileNameWithExtension)

                Dim container As BlobContainerClient = New BlobContainerClient(AzureConnectionString, containerName)
                container.CreateIfNotExists()

                Dim blob As BlobClient = container.GetBlobClient(fileNameWithExtension)

                Dim blobHeader = New Models.BlobHttpHeaders
                blobHeader.ContentType = Me.getFileContentType(fileNameWithExtension) '("image/png")

                blob.UploadAsync(filePath & fileNameWithExtension, blobHeader)
                return "bob upload!!!"
            End Function

            Public Function getFileContentType(pFileWithExtension As String) As String
                Dim ContentType As String = String.Empty
                Dim Extension As String = Path.GetExtension(FilePath).ToLower()
                
                ' may want more extension types based on your needs
                Select Case Extension
                    Case ".gif"
                        ContentType = "image/gif"
                    Case ".jpg"
                        ContentType = "image/jpeg"
                    Case ".jpeg"
                        ContentType = "image/jpeg"
                    Case ".png"
                        ContentType = "image/png"
                End Select
                
                return ContentType;
            End Function

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