使用Array.prototype.forEach()即可
forEach()方法对每个数组元素执行一次提供的函数。

var data = [{ title: 'Break You', artist: 'Lamb Of God', album: 'Ashes Of The Wake' }, { title: 'An Extra Nail For Your Coffin', artist: 'Lamb Of God', album: 'Ashes Of The Wake' }, { title: 'Envy And Doubt', artist: 'Sever The King', album: 'Traitor' }, { title: 'Self Destruct', artist: 'Sever The King', album: 'Traitor' }],
    grouped = {};

data.forEach(function (a) {
    grouped[a.album] = grouped[a.album] || [];
    grouped[a.album].push({ title: a.title, artist: a.artist });
});
document.write('<pre>' + JSON.stringify(grouped, 0, 4) + '</pre>');

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可以使用Array.prototype.reduce

var output = input.reduce(function(result, value) { 
  result[value.album] = result[value.album] || []; 
  result[value.album].push({ title: value.title, artist: value.artist });
  return result; 
}, {});

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正如Kieran建议的那样，使用underscore.js为您提供了一个简单优雅的解决方案。

var groupedData = _.groupBy(data, 'album');

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这是plunker：http://plnkr.co/edit/a7DhxpGx0C4FVMgIjzPY?p=preview

编辑

我想补充一点，如果你使用Node.js，你会希望使用lodash而不是下划线

OBS：'Ashes Of The Wake'和'Traitor'应该是数组，而不是对象，因为它们有多个子级。
你不必这样做，但是如果你想使用underscore，就像@丹尼尔说的那样，你可以使用groupBy函数。

var data = [
  { 
    title: 'Break You',
    artist: 'Lamb Of God',
    album: 'Ashes Of The Wake' 
  },
  {
    title: 'An Extra Nail For Your Coffin',
    artist: 'Lamb Of God',
    album: 'Ashes Of The Wake' 
  },
  {
    title: 'Envy And Doubt',
    artist: 'Sever The King',
    album: 'Traitor' 
  },
  {
    title: 'Self Destruct',
    artist: 'Sever The King',
    album: 'Traitor' 
  }
];
var groupedData = _.groupBy(data, 'album');
console.log(groupedData);

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将输出：

[
  'Ashes Of The Wake': [
    {
      title: 'Break You',
      artist: 'Lamb Of God'
    },
    {
      title: 'An Extra Nail For Your Coffin',
      artist: 'Lamb Of God'
    }  
  ],
  'Traitor': [
    {
      title: 'Envy and Doubt,
      artist: 'Sever The King'
    },
    {
      title: 'Self Destruct',
      artist: 'Sever The King'
    }
  ]
]

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JSFiddle

在普通的JavaScript中，可以将Object.groupBy与对象一起使用。

Object.groupBy(MUSIC_TRACKS, ({ album }) => album)

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下面是一个示例：

const MUSIC_TRACKS = [{
    title: 'Break You',
    artist: 'Lamb Of God',
    album: 'Ashes Of The Wake'
  },
  {
    title: 'An Extra Nail For Your Coffin',
    artist: 'Lamb Of God',
    album: 'Ashes Of The Wake'
  },
  {
    title: 'Envy And Doubt',
    artist: 'Sever The King',
    album: 'Traitor'
  },
  {
    title: 'Self Destruct',
    artist: 'Sever The King',
    album: 'Traitor'
  }
]

const groupedAlbum = Object.groupBy(MUSIC_TRACKS, ({ album }) => album)

// If you want to remove the "album" property from each object in the nested structure, 
// you need to take another iteration.
for (const key in groupedAlbum) {
  groupedAlbum[key].forEach(obj => {
    // Delete the "album" property from each object
    delete obj.album;
  });
}

console.log(groupedAlbum);

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