python MQTT在异常期间重新连接循环，如何构造脚本

ndh0cuux  于 2024-01-05  发布在  Python
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我试图为ESP 32编写一个温度控制器，它通过mqtt将传感器阅读发送到安装在rasperry pi上的mosquito。代码运行，只要wifi连接并且mosquito在raspberry pi上运行。只要ESP32没有连接到wifi或者mqtt broker无法到达，代码就会在重新连接循环中结束。这个想法是，代码的温度控制器端保持运行，即使有一个错误与wifi或mqtt.
Standard behaviour with good wifi / mqtt connectedError with mosquitto stopped
由于我对编程相当陌生，我怀疑我的代码相当混乱，因此我得到了这个错误。我尝试了不同的方法来排列我的函数和循环，但没有运气。
也许有人可以指出我在正确的方向上如何结构我的代码，使它可以处理的exeptions

  1. from machine import Pin, SoftI2C
  2. import ssd1306
  3. import machine
  4. import utime
  5. import onewire, ds18x20, time
  6. from umqtt.robust import MQTTClient
  7. import ubinascii
  8. from machine import RTC
  9. import os
  10. import micropython
  11. import network
  12. import esp
  13. esp.osdebug(None)
  14. import asyncio
  15. import gc
  16. gc.collect()
  18. ###################### define global variables##########################
  19. tempsetpoint = 30.0   # temperature set point
  20. last_message = 0
  21. message_interval = 5
  22. integral = 0
  23. lastupdate = utime.time()  
  24. lasterror = 0
  25. output1=0
  26. output2=0
  27. checkin = 0
  29. maxtemperaturedifference = 10
  31. datalogging = False
  33. Kp=100.   # 400 Proportional term - Basic steering (This is the first parameter you should tune for a particular setup)
  34. Ki=.01   # .05 Integral term - Compensate for heat loss by vessel
  35. Kd=0.  # Derivative term - to prevent overshoot due to inertia - if it is zooming towards setpoint this
  36.          # will cancel out the proportional term due to the large negative gradient
  37. output1= 0
  38. output2=0
  40. maxtemperaturedifference = 10
  42. ################### Connect to WIFI and MQTT server ##################################
  44. ssid = 'Inabnit'
  45. password = 'Buochserhorn'
  46. mqtt_server = '192.168.50.31'
  47. """
  48. station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
  50. station.active(True)
  51. station.connect(ssid, password)
  53. while station.isconnected() == False:
  54.   pass
  56. print('Connection to WIFI successful')
  57. """
  58. class wifi:
  59.   def __init__(self, ssid, password):
  60.     self.ssid = ssid
  61.     self.password = password
  63.   def connect(self):
  64.     station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
  65.     station.active(True)
  66.     station.connect(self.ssid, self.password)
  67.     while station.isconnected() == False:
  68.       pass
  70.     print("Connection to %s successful" %self.ssid)
  72. credentials = wifi("Inabnit", "Buochserhorn")
  73. credentials.connect()
  75.     ################### MQTT Setup ##################################
  76. client_id = ubinascii.hexlify(machine.unique_id())
  78. topic_pub_temp1 = b'esp/ds18b20/temperature1' #topic name, add more if needed
  79. topic_pub_temp2 = b'esp/ds18b20/temperature2' #topic name, add more if needed
  80. topic_pub_output1 = b'esp/mosfet/output1' #topic name, add more if needed
  81. topic_pub_output2 = b'esp/mosfet/output2' #topic name, add more if needed
  84.     ################### RTC setup ##################################
  86. rtc=RTC()
  87. timeStamp=0
  89.     ################### Mosfet setup ##################################
  91.  #define mosfet1 pin
  92. p0 = machine.Pin(0)
  93. pwm0 = machine.PWM(p0)
  94. pwm0.freq(500)
  95. pwm0.duty_u16(0)
  97.  #define mosfet2 pin
  98. p0 = machine.Pin(1)
  99. pwm1 = machine.PWM(p0)
  100. pwm1.freq(500)
  101. pwm1.duty_u16(0)
  103.     ################### DS18b20 setup ##################################
  105. #define temp sensor pin
  106. ds_pin = machine.Pin(21)
  107. ds_sensor = ds18x20.DS18X20(onewire.OneWire(ds_pin))
  109.  
  110. #roms = ds_sensor.scan()
  111. #print('Found DS devices: ', roms)
  112. Sensor1 = b"('/\x07\x00\x00\x00<"
  113. Sensor2 = b'\x10Fd\x16\x03\x08\x00\x91'
  114. Sensor3 = b'\x10Fd\x16\x03\x08\x00\x80' #update rom with actual address
  116.      ################### OLED Setup ##################################
  118. #setup oled
  119. WIDTH  = 128                                            # oled display width
  120. HEIGHT = 64                                             # oled display height
  121.  
  122. i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(8), sda=Pin(9))
  123.  
  124. oled_width = 128
  125. oled_height = 64
  126. oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c)
  128.     ################### Functions ##################################
  131. ######################## Logging function#########################
  132. with open('savedata.txt', 'a') as f:
  133.     f.write('Temperature Data Logging')
  134.     f.write('\n')
  135.     
  136. def logData():
  137.     timeTuple=rtc.datetime()
  138.     file_size=os.stat('/savedata.txt')
  139.     if(file_size[6]<2000000):
  140.         try:
  141.             with open('savedata.txt', 'a') as f:
  142.                 f.write(str(timeTuple[4])+':'+str(timeTuple[5])+':'+str(timeTuple[6])+ ',')
  143.                 f.write(str(temp)+ ',')
  144.                 f.write(str(output1))
  145.                 #f.write(scaled_output)
  146.                 f.write('\n')
  147.                 print("Data Saved!")
  148.         
  149.         except:
  150.                 print("Error! Could not save")
  151.  
  152. ################scaling function to scale X-XXX to X-XXX exapmple: scale_value(output, 0, 100, 0, 65535)#############
  153. def scale_value(value, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max):
  154.   scaled_value = (value - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min
  155.   return int(scaled_value)
  157. ################################
  158. def checktemperature():
  159.     global temp_max
  160.     global temp1
  161.     global temp2
  162.     global tempdifference
  163.     #global temp3 #uncomment if 3 sensors will be used
  164.     ds_sensor.convert_temp()
  165.     temp1 = round(ds_sensor.read_temp(Sensor1),1)
  166.     temp2 = round(ds_sensor.read_temp(Sensor2),1)
  167.     #temp3 = round(ds_sensor.read_temp(Sensor3),1) #uncomment if 3 sensors will be used
  169.     
  170.     temp_max = round(max(temp1, temp2),1)
  171.     #temp_max = round(max(temp1, temp2, temp3),1) #uncomment if 3 sensors will be used
  172.     
  173.     #print(temp_max)
  174.     tempdifference = abs(temp1-temp2)
  175.   
  176. ################################ 
  177. def displayonOLED():
  178.      #display data on the oled    
  179.     # Clear the oled display in case it has junk on it.
  180.     oled.fill(0)
  181.     oled.contrast(255)  # bright
  182.     # Add some text
  183.     #oled.text("Temperature ",12,5)
  184.     oled.text("Setpoint: ",1,5)
  185.     oled.text(str(tempsetpoint),88,5)
  186.     oled.text("Sensor 1: ",1,15)
  187.     oled.text(str(temp1),88,15)
  188.     oled.text("Sensor 2: ",1,25)
  189.     oled.text(str(temp2),88,25)
  190.     oled.text("Sensor Max: ",1,35)
  191.     oled.text(str(temp_max),88,35)
  192.     oled.text("Output 1: ",1,45)
  193.     oled.text(str(output1),88,45)
  194.     # Finally update the oled display so the image & text is displayed
  195.     oled.show()
  196. ###################################    
  197. def displayonOLED_tempdiff():
  198.      #display data on the oled    
  199.     # Clear the oled display in case it has junk on it.
  200.     oled.fill(0)
  201.     """### Blink OLED###
  202.     oled.show()
  203.     utime.sleep_ms(200)
  204.     oled.fill(1)
  205.     oled.show()
  206.     utime.sleep_ms(200)
  207.     """
  208.     oled.fill(0)
  210.     oled.contrast(255)  # bright
  211.     # Add some text
  213.     oled.text("Temp diff.> 10",1,5)
  214.     oled.text("Sensor 1: ",1,15)
  215.     oled.text(str(temp1),88,15)
  216.     oled.text("Sensor 2: ",1,25)
  217.     oled.text(str(temp2),88,25)
  219.     # Finally update the oled display so the image & text is displayed
  220.     oled.show()
  221.     
  222.     
  223. ####################### Connect to MQTT Broker###################
  224. def connect_mqtt():
  225.   global client_id, mqtt_server
  226.   try:
  227.     client = MQTTClient(client_id, mqtt_server)
  228.     #client = MQTTClient(client_id, mqtt_server, user=your_username, password=your_password)
  229.     client.DEBUG = True
  231.     client.connect()
  232.     #client.loop_start()
  233.     print('Connected to %s MQTT broker' % (mqtt_server))
  235.     return client
  236.   except:
  237.     print("Error: MQTT client not reachable")
  238.      
  240. ######################### restart MQTT
  241. def restart_and_reconnect():
  242.   failsafe()
  243.   print('Failed to connect to MQTT broker. Reconnecting...')
  244.   #time.sleep(10)
  245.   #machine.reset()
  247. ###########publish to mqtt#################
  248. def publishtomqtt():
  249.     global client_id, mqtt_server
  250.     temp1_mqtt = (b'{0:3.1f}'.format(temp1))
  251.     temp2_mqtt = (b'{0:3.1f}'.format(temp2))
  252.     output1_mqtt = (b'{0:3.1f}'.format(output1))
  253.     output2_mqtt = (b'{0:3.1f}'.format(output2))
  255.     try:
  256.         client = MQTTClient(client_id, mqtt_server)
  257.         #client = MQTTClient(client_id, mqtt_server, user=your_username, password=your_password)
  258.         client.DEBUG = True
  260.         client.connect()
  261.         #client.loop_start()
  262.         print('Connected to %s MQTT broker' % (mqtt_server))
  263.     
  264.     
  265.     except OSError as e:
  266.       #restart_and_reconnect()
  267.       print("Error puplishtomqtt")
  268.       
  269.       
  270.     
  271.     #client = connect_mqtt()
  272.     client.publish(topic_pub_temp1, temp1_mqtt)
  273.     client.publish(topic_pub_temp2, temp2_mqtt)
  274.     client.publish(topic_pub_output1, output1_mqtt)
  275.     client.publish(topic_pub_output2, output2_mqtt)
  276.     
  277.     client.disconnect()
  278.     
  280. #######################Heater Failsafe##############################
  282. def failsafe():
  283.     pwm0.duty_u16(0)
  284.     pwm1.duty_u16(0)
  285.     print("Heating Stopped!")
  286.   
  287.     
  288.     
  289.     ################### Main Logic ##################################
  291. checktemperature()
  292.  
  293. while True:
  294.     if (time.ticks_ms()-timeStamp)>5000:
  295.         timeStamp=time.ticks_ms()
  297.     if tempdifference <= maxtemperaturedifference:
  299.         try:           
  300.             checktemperature()
  301.             displayonOLED()
  302.                         
  303.             if (time.ticks_ms()-timeStamp)>5000:
  304.                 if datalogging == True :
  305.                     logData()
  306.                 try:    
  307.                     publishtomqtt()
  308.                 except Exception as e:
  309.                     print( "An error has occurred!")
  310.                     
  311.                 timeStamp=time.ticks_ms()
  312.                 
  313.                 
  315.             
  316.             now = utime.time()
  317.             dt= now-lastupdate
  318.             
  319.             if dt > checkin:
  320.                 error=tempsetpoint-temp1
  321.                 integral = integral + dt * error
  322.                 derivative = (error - lasterror)/dt
  323.                 output1 = Kp * error + Ki * integral + Kd * derivative
  324.                 #print(str(output)+"= Kp term: "+str(Kp*error)+" + Ki term:" + str(Ki*integral) + "+ Kd term: " + str(Kd*derivative))
  325.                 output1 = max(min(100, output1), 0) # Clamp output between 0 and 100
  326.                 scaled_output1 = scale_value(output1, 0, 100, 0, 65535)
  327.                 
  328.                 error=tempsetpoint-temp2
  329.                 integral = integral + dt * error
  330.                 derivative = (error - lasterror)/dt
  331.                 output2 = Kp * error + Ki * integral + Kd * derivative
  332.                 #print(str(output)+"= Kp term: "+str(Kp*error)+" + Ki term:" + str(Ki*integral) + "+ Kd term: " + str(Kd*derivative))
  333.                 output2 = max(min(100, output2), 0) # Clamp output between 0 and 100
  334.                 scaled_output2 = scale_value(output2, 0, 100, 0, 65535)
  335.                 
  336.                 print('Output1: ', round(output1),'%    ', 'Output2: ', round(output2),'%    ', 'Temp_max:  ', temp_max,'°C     ', 'Temp1: ', temp1, '°C    ', 'Temp2: ', temp2, '°C')
  337.                 #print('Output: ', output,'%    ', 'Temp_max:  ', temp_max,'°C     ', 'Temp1: ', temp1, '°C    ', 'Temp2: ', temp2, '°C', 'Temp3: ', temp3, '°C') #uncomment if 3 sensors will be used
  338.                 
  339.                 if output1>0:  
  340.                     pwm0.duty_u16(scaled_output1)
  341.                 if output2>0:  
  342.                     pwm1.duty_u16(scaled_output2)
  344.                 else:
  345.                     pwm0.duty_u16(0)
  346.                     pwm1.duty_u16(0)
  348.                 #utime.sleep(.1)
  349.                 lastupdate = now
  350.                 lasterror = error
  351.                 
  352.         except Exception as e:
  353.             if (time.ticks_ms()-timeStamp)>1000:
  354.                 timeStamp=time.ticks_ms()
  355.                 failsafe()
  356.                 print('error encountered:'+str(e))
  357.                 
  358.                 utime.sleep(checkin)
  359.     else:
  360.             if (time.ticks_ms()-timeStamp)>1000:
  361.                 timeStamp=time.ticks_ms()
  362.                 print("Temperature difference >5!")
  363.                 checktemperature()
  364.                 displayonOLED_tempdiff()
  365.                 failsafe()

字符串

python

1条答案

按热度按时间
pxy2qtax

pxy2qtax1#

我只是尝试构建你的代码，并提供了一些处理代码中异常的例子。

  1. from machine import Pin, SoftI2C
  2. import ssd1306
  3. import machine
  4. import utime
  5. import onewire
  6. import ds18x20
  7. from umqtt.robust import MQTTClient
  8. import ubinascii
  9. from machine import RTC
  10. import os
  11. import network
  12. import esp
  14. # ... (Other imports)
  16. ###################### Define Global Variables ##########################
  17. tempsetpoint = 30.0
  18. integral = 0
  19. lastupdate = utime.time()
  20. lasterror = 0
  21. output1 = 0
  22. output2 = 0
  23. checkin = 0
  24. maxtemperaturedifference = 10
  25. datalogging = False
  26. Kp = 100.0
  27. Ki = 0.01
  28. Kd = 0.0
  30. # ... (Other global variables)
  32. ssid = 'Inabnit'
  33. password = 'Buochserhorn'
  34. mqtt_server = '192.168.50.31'
  36. # ... (Other configurations)
  38. class Wifi:
  39.     def __init__(self, ssid, password):
  40.         self.ssid = ssid
  41.         self.password = password
  43.     def connect(self):
  44.         station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
  45.         station.active(True)
  46.         station.connect(self.ssid, self.password)
  47.         while not station.isconnected():
  48.             pass
  49.         print("Connection to %s successful" % self.ssid)
  51. credentials = Wifi("Inabnit", "Buochserhorn")
  52. credentials.connect()
  54. # ... (Other configurations)
  56. client_id = ubinascii.hexlify(machine.unique_id())
  57. topic_pub_temp1 = b'esp/ds18b20/temperature1'
  58. topic_pub_temp2 = b'esp/ds18b20/temperature2'
  59. topic_pub_output1 = b'esp/mosfet/output1'
  60. topic_pub_output2 = b'esp/mosfet/output2'
  62. # ... (Other configurations)
  64. ###################### Functions ##########################
  66. def connect_mqtt():
  67.     global client_id, mqtt_server
  68.     try:
  69.         client = MQTTClient(client_id, mqtt_server)
  70.         client.DEBUG = True
  71.         client.connect()
  72.         print('Connected to %s MQTT broker' % mqtt_server)
  73.         return client
  74.     except Exception as e:
  75.         print("Error: MQTT client not reachable")
  76.         return None
  78. def restart_and_reconnect():
  79.     failsafe()
  80.     print('Failed to connect to MQTT broker. Reconnecting...')
  82. def publish_to_mqtt(client):
  83.     if client is not None:
  84.         temp1_mqtt = b'{0:3.1f}'.format(temp1)
  85.         temp2_mqtt = b'{0:3.1f}'.format(temp2)
  86.         output1_mqtt = b'{0:3.1f}'.format(output1)
  87.         output2_mqtt = b'{0:3.1f}'.format(output2)
  89.         try:
  90.             client.publish(topic_pub_temp1, temp1_mqtt)
  91.             client.publish(topic_pub_temp2, temp2_mqtt)
  92.             client.publish(topic_pub_output1, output1_mqtt)
  93.             client.publish(topic_pub_output2, output2_mqtt)
  94.         except Exception as e:
  95.             print("Error publishing to MQTT:", e)
  96.         finally:
  97.             client.disconnect()
  99. # ... (Other functions)
  101. ###################### Main Logic ##########################
  103. checktemperature()
  105. while True:
  106.     if (utime.ticks_ms() - timeStamp) > 5000:
  107.         timeStamp = utime.ticks_ms()
  109.     if tempdifference <= maxtemperaturedifference:
  110.         try:
  111.             checktemperature()
  112.             displayonOLED()
  114.             if (utime.ticks_ms() - timeStamp) > 5000:
  115.                 if datalogging:
  116.                     logData()
  117.                 try:
  118.                     mqtt_client = connect_mqtt()
  119.                     if mqtt_client:
  120.                         publishtomqtt(mqtt_client)
  121.                 except Exception as e:
  122.                     print("An error has occurred:", e)
  124.                 timeStamp = utime.ticks_ms()
  126.             now = utime.time()
  127.             dt = now - lastupdate
  129.             if dt > checkin:
  130.                 error = tempsetpoint - temp1
  131.                 integral = integral + dt * error
  132.                 derivative = (error - lasterror) / dt
  133.                 output1 = Kp * error + Ki * integral + Kd * derivative
  134.                 output1 = max(min(100, output1), 0)
  135.                 scaled_output1 = scale_value(output1, 0, 100, 0, 65535)
  137.                 error = tempsetpoint - temp2
  138.                 integral = integral + dt * error
  139.                 derivative = (error - lasterror) / dt
  140.                 output2 = Kp * error + Ki * integral + Kd * derivative
  141.                 output2 = max(min(100, output2), 0)
  142.                 scaled_output2 = scale_value(output2, 0, 100, 0, 65535)
  144.                 print('Output1: ', round(output1), '%    ', 'Output2: ', round(output2), '%    ',
  145.                       'Temp_max:  ', temp_max, '°C     ', 'Temp1: ', temp1, '°C    ', 'Temp2: ', temp2, '°C')
  146.                 if output1 > 0:
  147.                     pwm0.duty_u16(scaled_output1)
  148.                 if output2 > 0:
  149.                     pwm1.duty_u16(scaled_output2)
  150.                 else:
  151.                     pwm0.duty_u16(0)
  152.                     pwm1.duty_u16(0)
  154.                 lastupdate = now
  155.                 lasterror = error
  157.         except Exception as e:
  158.             if (utime.ticks_ms() - timeStamp) > 1000:
  159.                 timeStamp = utime.ticks_ms()
  160.                 failsafe()
  161.                 print('Error encountered:', e)
  162.                 utime.sleep(checkin)
  163.     else:
  164.         if (utime.ticks_ms() - timeStamp) > 1000:
  165.             timeStamp = utime.ticks_ms()
  166.             print("Temperature difference > 5!")
  167.             checktemperature()
  168.             displayonOLED_tempdiff()
  169.             failsafe()

字符串
在修改后的代码中，我添加了一些异常处理，以提高处理潜在错误的鲁棒性。下面是代码各个部分处理的异常的摘要：
MQTT连接异常：
在connect_mqtt函数中，如果连接到MQTT代理时出现问题，则会捕获异常。

  1. try:
  2.     # MQTT connection logic
  3. except Exception as e:
  4.     print("Error: MQTT client not reachable")

型
MQTT发布异常：
在publish_to_mqtt函数中，如果在将消息发布到MQTT主题的过程中出现错误，则会捕获异常。

  1. try:
  2.     # MQTT publishing logic
  3. except Exception as e:
  4.     print("Error publishing to MQTT:", e)
  5. finally:
  6.     # Disconnect the MQTT client even if an exception occurred
  7.     client.disconnect()

型
主要逻辑异常：
在主逻辑循环中，添加了一个通用异常处理程序，用于捕获在主循环执行期间可能发生的任何意外错误。

  1. try:
  2.     # Main logic
  3. except Exception as e:
  4.     if (utime.ticks_ms() - timeStamp) > 1000:
  5.         timeStamp = utime.ticks_ms()
  6.         failsafe()
  7.         print('Error encountered:', e)
  8.         utime.sleep(checkin)

型
这些异常旨在捕获错误，例如连接到MQTT代理时的网络连接问题或程序主逻辑中的意外错误。特定异常类型（Exception）用于简化，在生产环境中，您可能希望根据潜在错误的性质处理更特定的异常。

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