在MySQL中，你可以使用函数SUBSTRING_INDEX()来拆分列school_descriptors。
只有在课程、资格和毕业年份的位置固定的情况下，这才有效。

select *,
  substring_index(school_descriptors, ',', 1) Course, 
  substring_index(substring_index(school_descriptors, ',', 2), ',', -1) Qualification, 
  substring_index(school_descriptors, ',', -1) Graduation
from student_table

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参见demo。
结果如下：

> id | name  | school_descriptors          | Course   | Qualification | Graduation
> -: | :---- | :-------------------------- | :------- | :------------ | :---------
>  1 | Rob   | Comp Sci,Undergraduate,2020 | Comp Sci | Undergraduate | 2020      
>  2 | Tim   | Business,MBA,2022           | Business | MBA           | 2022      
>  3 | Matt  | Business,MBA,2022           | Business | MBA           | 2022      
>  4 | Jack  | Law,Masters,2024            | Law      | Masters       | 2024      
>  5 | Steph | Comp Sci,Masters,2022       | Comp Sci | Masters       | 2022

型

select id, name, 
  substring_index(school_descriptors,',',1) as course, 
  substring_index(substring(school_descriptors,length(substring_index(school_descriptors,',',1))+2,200),',',1) as Qualifications, 
  substring_index(school_descriptors,',',-1) as year
from student;

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产出：

+------+-------+----------+----------------+------+
| id   | name  | course   | Qualifications | year |
+------+-------+----------+----------------+------+
|    1 | Rob   | Comp Sci | Undergraduate  | 2020 |
|    2 | Tim   | Business | MBA            | 2022 |
|    3 | Matt  | Business | MBA            | 2022 |
|    4 | Jack  | Law      | Masters        | 2024 |
|    5 | Steph | Comp Sci | Masters        | 2022 |
+------+-------+----------+----------------+------+

型
如果你想了解SUBSTRING_INDEX（），可以使用文档的链接。

回答1：

SELECT * FROM student_table WHERE school_descriptors REGEXP ['Business','MBA']

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通过使用此查询，您可以获得所有具有Business或MBA的记录。如果您只想选择Business，MBA，您可以这样尝试
SELECT * FROM student_table WHERE school_descriptors LIKE '%Business，MBA%'

回答二：

SELECT * 
FROM student 
WHERE
  SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(school_descriptors , ',', 1), ',', -1)='Comp Sci' 
  AND
  SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(school_descriptors , ',', 3), ',', -1)> 2019;

型

LIKE运算符不是最佳选择。在某些情况下，LIKE运算符会让我们失败。例如，如果您有一个Master Business in School描述符，LIKE运算符列也会拉取该记录。要找到精确的匹配，您需要使用RLIKE

SELECT * FROM student_table WHERE school_descriptors RLIKE '[[:<:]]'Business'[[:>:]]' AND school_descriptors RLIKE '[[:<:]]'MBA'[[:>:]]'

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