好吧，我得到了它的工作，但老实说，我不知道为什么它的工作，现在与我所做的小变化，因为它似乎是几乎相同的事情。
代码如下：

#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "color.hpp"

#define WIDTH 800
#define HEIGHT 600

float triangle[] =
{
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
    0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
    0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f
};

const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}";

const char* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   color = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}";

SDL_Window* createWindow(int w, int h, std::string title)
{
    SDL_Window* window = nullptr;

    if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0)
    {
        std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // OPENGL VERSION
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 3);

    // DOUBLE BUFFER
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24);

    if(w == 0 and h == 0)
    {
        window = SDL_CreateWindow(
                title.c_str(),
                SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
                SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
                w,
                h,
                SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN);
    }
    window = SDL_CreateWindow(
            title.c_str(),
            SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
            SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
            w,
            h,
            SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);

    if(window == nullptr)
    {
        std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
        return nullptr;
    }

    return window;
}

int processInput()
{
    SDL_Event event;

    if(SDL_PollEvent(&event))
    {
        if(event.type == SDL_QUIT)
            return -1;
        if(event.type == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESIZED)
            glViewport(0, 0, event.window.data1, event.window.data2);
    }
    return 1;
}

void draw_gl(SDL_Window* window)
{
    // VAO
    GLuint vao1;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao1);
    glBindVertexArray(vao1);

    // VBO for a triangle
    GLuint vbo1;
    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo1);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo1);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(triangle), triangle, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // VertexAttribPointer
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // Vertex shader
    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    // Fragment shader
    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    // Check for compile errors if any
    int success;
    char infoLog[512];

    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if(! success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if(! success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // Shader program
    GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if(! success)
    {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

    while(true)
    {
        if(processInput() == -1)
            break;

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
        SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // =====> INIT VARS
    SDL_Window* window;
    SDL_Renderer* renderer;
    SDL_GLContext glContext;
    GLenum err;
    // INIT VARS <=====

    window = createWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "OPENGL");
    if(window == nullptr)
    {
        SDL_Quit();
        return -1;
    }

    // OPENGL CONTEXT FOR THE WINDOW
    glContext = SDL_GL_CreateContext(window);

    // GLEW INIT
    glewExperimental = true;
    err = glewInit();
    if(err != GLEW_OK)
    {
        std::cout << glewGetErrorString(err) << std::endl;
        SDL_GL_DeleteContext(glContext);
        SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer); SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        SDL_Quit();
        return -1;
    }

    // EVERYTHING'S FINE : TIME TO PAINT IT GREY
    glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
    SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(1);
    glClearColor(Color::LIGHT_GREY[0], Color::LIGHT_GREY[1], Color::LIGHT_GREY[2], Color::LIGHT_GREY[3]);

    // OPENGL DRAWING CALLS AND MAIN DRAWING LOOP
    draw_gl(window);

    // END
    SDL_GL_DeleteContext(glContext);
    //SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    SDL_Quit();

    return 0;
}

字符串

对于仍然遇到这个问题的人，因为OP不确定到底发生了什么变化：
我发现在MacOS Ventura上，我必须在 * 运行SDL_Init之前指定Major/Minor *，并且必须在 * 之后设置配置文件掩码。尝试在init之后设置版本将导致无法绑定正确的OpenGL版本，并且尝试在之前设置配置文件掩码将导致OP的错误。
示例代码段：

int main() {
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 3);

    SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);
    SDL_Window * window = SDL_CreateWindow(...

字符串