MongoDB从入门到实战

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MongoDB从入门到实战（十）：SpringBoot集成MongoDB(MongoTemplate)

转x33g5p2x  于2021-12-25 转载在 Go  
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一：MongoTemplate

MongoTemplate 是数据库和代码之间的接口，对数据库的操作都在它里面。

  1. MongoTemplate实现了interface MongoOperations。
  2. MongoDB documents和domain classes之间的映射关系是通过实现了MongoConverter这个interface的类来实现的。
  3. MongoTemplate提供了非常多的操作MongoDB的方法。 它是线程安全的，可以在多线程的情况下使用。
  4. MongoTemplate实现了MongoOperations接口, 此接口定义了众多的操作方法如"find", “findAndModify”, “findOne”, “insert”, “remove”, “save”, “update” and "updateMulti"等。
  5. MongoTemplate转换domain object为DBObject,缺省转换类为MongoMappingConverter,并提供了Query, Criteria, and Update等流式API。

MongoTemplate核心操作类：Criteria和Query

  • Criteria类：封装所有的语句，以方法的形式查询。
  • Query类：将语句进行封装或者添加排序之类的操作。

MongoTemplate相比MongoRepository来说更加好用，MongoTemplate的方法名和MongoDB Shell中的函数名字一致，只要熟悉MongoDB Shel中的函数就可以很轻松的使用MongoTemplate。

二：集成

2.1 pom.xml

  1. <dependency>
  2.    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

2.2 application.yml

注意：如果密码单独配需要加单引号

  1. spring:
  2.   data:
  3.     mongodb:
  4.       #uri: mongodb://mongo:123456@localhost:27017/test
  5.       host: localhost
  6.       port: 27017
  7.       database: test
  8.       username: mongo
  9.       password: '123456'

2.3 entity

  1. @Data
  2. @ToString
  3. @NoArgsConstructor
  4. @AllArgsConstructor
  5. public class Address implements Serializable {
  6.     private String province;
  7.     private String city;
  8. }
  1. @Data
  2. @NoArgsConstructor
  3. @AllArgsConstructor
  4. public class UserInfo {
  5.     private Integer gender;
  6. }
  1. @Data
  2. @ToString
  3. @NoArgsConstructor
  4. @AllArgsConstructor
  5. @Document(collection = "user")
  6. @CompoundIndex( def = "{'id': 1, 'nickname': -1}")
  7. public class User implements Serializable {
  9.     @Id
  10.     private String id;
  12.     @Indexed
  13.     @Field("username")
  14.     private String username;
  15.     private String nickname;
  16.     private Integer age;
  17.     private Date createTime;
  18.     private UserInfo userInfo;
  19.     private List<String> tags;
  20.     private List<Address> addresses;
  21. }
  • @Document(collection = “user”) : 配置集合名字
  • @CompoundIndex( def = “{‘id’: 1, ‘username’: -1}”) : 复合索引
  • @Id : 主键标识，该属性的值会自动对应mongodb的主键字段"_id"，如果该属性名就叫“id”,则该注解可以省略，否则必须写
  • @Field(“字段名”): 该属性对应mongodb的字段的名字，如果一致，则无需该注解
  • @Indexed: 添加了一个单字段的索引

三：MongoTemplate API

3.1 MongoTemplate

操作MongoDB的模板

  1. public class MongoTemplate implements MongoOperations {
  2. 	/************************************ 集合操作 ************************************/
  3. 	Set<String> getCollectionNames();
  4. 	String getCollectionName(Class<?> entityClass);
  5. 	DBCollection getCollection(String collectionName);
  6. 	<T> DBCollection createCollection(Class<T> entityClass);
  7. 	<T> DBCollection createCollection(Class<T> entityClass, CollectionOptions collectionOptions);
  8. 	DBCollection createCollection(String collectionName);
  9. 	DBCollection createCollection(String collectionName, CollectionOptions collectionOptions);
  10. 	<T> boolean collectionExists(Class<T> entityClass);
  11. 	boolean collectionExists(String collectionName);
  12. 	<T> void dropCollection(Class<T> entityClass);
  13. 	void dropCollection(String collectionName);
  16. 	/************************************ 保存 ************************************/
  17. 	void insert(Object objectToSave);
  18. 	void insert(Object objectToSave, String collectionName);
  19. 	void insert(Collection<? extends Object> batchToSave, Class<?> entityClass);
  20. 	void insert(Collection<? extends Object> batchToSave, String collectionName);
  21. 	void insertAll(Collection<? extends Object> objectsToSave);
  23. 	void save(Object objectToSave);
  24. 	void save(Object objectToSave, String collectionName);
  27. 	/****************************** insertOrUpdate *****************************/
  28. 	WriteResult upsert(Query query, Update update, Class<?> entityClass);
  29. 	WriteResult upsert(Query query, Update update, String collectionName);
  30. 	WriteResult upsert(Query query, Update update, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  31. 	
  32. 	
  34. 	/************************************ 更新 ***********************************/
  35. 	WriteResult updateFirst(Query query, Update update, Class<?> entityClass);
  36. 	WriteResult updateFirst(Query query, Update update, String collectionName);
  37. 	WriteResult updateFirst(Query query, Update update, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  38. 	WriteResult updateMulti(Query query, Update update, Class<?> entityClass);
  39. 	WriteResult updateMulti(Query query, Update update, String collectionName);
  40. 	WriteResult updateMulti(final Query query, final Update update, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  43. 	/************************************ 查找 ***********************************/
  44. 	<T> T findOne(Query query, Class<T> entityClass);
  45. 	<T> T findOne(Query query, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  46. 	<T> List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClass);
  47. 	<T> List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  48. 	<T> List<T> find(Query query, Class<T> entityClass);
  49. 	<T> List<T> find(Query query, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  50. 	<T> T findById(Object id, Class<T> entityClass);
  51. 	<T> T findById(Object id, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  52. 	<T> T findAndModify(Query query, Update update, Class<T> entityClass);
  53. 	<T> T findAndModify(Query query, Update update, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  54. 	<T> T findAndModify(Query query, Update update, FindAndModifyOptions options, Class<T> entityClass);
  55. 	<T> T findAndModify(Query query, Update update, FindAndModifyOptions options, Class<T> entityClass,
  56. 			String collectionName);
  57. 	<T> T findAndRemove(Query query, Class<T> entityClass);
  58. 	<T> T findAndRemove(Query query, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  60. 	
  61. 	/********************************** 删除 **********************************/
  62. 	WriteResult remove(Object object);
  63. 	WriteResult remove(Object object, String collection);
  64. 	WriteResult remove(Query query, Class<?> entityClass);
  65. 	WriteResult remove(Query query, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  66. 	WriteResult remove(Query query, String collectionName);
  67. 	
  68. 	<T> List<T> findAllAndRemove(Query query, String collectionName);
  69. 	<T> List<T> findAllAndRemove(Query query, Class<T> entityClass);
  70. 	<T> List<T> findAllAndRemove(Query query, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  73. 	/*********************************** 分组 ***********************************/
  74. 	<T> GroupByResults<T> group(String inputCollectionName, GroupBy groupBy, Class<T> entityClass);
  75. 	<T> GroupByResults<T> group(Criteria criteria, String inputCollectionName, GroupBy groupBy, Class<T> entityClass);
  78. 	/*********************************** 聚合 ***********************************/
  79. 	<O> AggregationResults<O> aggregate(TypedAggregation<?> aggregation, String collectionName, Class<O> outputType);
  80. 	<O> AggregationResults<O> aggregate(TypedAggregation<?> aggregation, Class<O> outputType);
  81. 	<O> AggregationResults<O> aggregate(Aggregation aggregation, Class<?> inputType, Class<O> outputType);
  82. 	<O> AggregationResults<O> aggregate(Aggregation aggregation, String collectionName, Class<O> outputType);
  84. 	
  86. 	<T> MapReduceResults<T> mapReduce(String inputCollectionName, String mapFunction, String reduceFunction,
  87. 			Class<T> entityClass);
  88. 	<T> MapReduceResults<T> mapReduce(String inputCollectionName, String mapFunction, String reduceFunction,
  89. 			MapReduceOptions mapReduceOptions, Class<T> entityClass);
  90. 	<T> MapReduceResults<T> mapReduce(Query query, String inputCollectionName, String mapFunction, String reduceFunction,
  91. 			Class<T> entityClass);
  92. 	<T> MapReduceResults<T> mapReduce(Query query, String inputCollectionName, String mapFunction, String reduceFunction,
  93. 			MapReduceOptions mapReduceOptions, Class<T> entityClass);
  94. 			
  96. 	long count(Query query, Class<?> entityClass);
  97. 	long count(Query query, String collectionName);
  98. 	long count(Query query, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  100. 	boolean exists(Query query, String collectionName);
  101. 	boolean exists(Query query, Class<?> entityClass);
  102. 	boolean exists(Query query, Class<?> entityClass, String collectionName);
  104. 	
  105. 	/*********************************** 地理 ***********************************/		
  106. 	<T> GeoResults<T> geoNear(NearQuery near, Class<T> entityClass);
  107. 	<T> GeoResults<T> geoNear(NearQuery near, Class<T> entityClass, String collectionName);
  108. }

3.2 Query

用于构造where条件。

  1. public class Query {
  2. 	public static Query query(CriteriaDefinition criteriaDefinition);
  3. 	public Query(CriteriaDefinition criteriaDefinition);
  4. 	
  5. 	public Query addCriteria(CriteriaDefinition criteriaDefinition);
  6. 	
  7. 	public Query skip(int skip);
  8. 	public Query limit(int limit);
  9. 	public Query withHint(String name);
  10. 	public Query with(Pageable pageable);
  11. 	public Query with(Sort sort);
  12. }

3.3 Criteria

用于连接过滤条件。

  1. public class Criteria implements CriteriaDefinition {
  2. 	public Criteria(String key);
  3. 	public static Criteria where(String key);
  4. 	
  5. 	public Criteria and(String key);
  6. 	public Criteria is(Object o);
  7. 	public Criteria ne(Object o);
  8. 	public Criteria lt(Object o);
  9. 	public Criteria lte(Object o);
  10. 	public Criteria gt(Object o);
  11. 	public Criteria gte(Object o);
  12. 	public Criteria in(Object... o);
  13. 	public Criteria nin(Object... o);
  14. 	public Criteria not();
  15. 	public Criteria regex(String re);
  16. 	public Criteria andOperator(Criteria... criteria);
  17. 	public Criteria orOperator(Criteria... criteria);
  18. 	
  19. 	public Criteria mod(Number value, Number remainder);
  20. 	public Criteria all(Object... o);
  21. 	public Criteria size(int s);
  22. 	public Criteria exists(boolean b);
  23. 	public Criteria type(int t);
  24. 	
  25. }

3.4 Update

用于更新操作。

  1. public class Update {
  2. 	public static Update update(String key, Object value);
  3. 	public Update set(String key, Object value);
  4. 	public Update inc(String key, Number inc);
  5. 	public Update push(String key, Object value);
  6. 	public Update pop(String key, Position pos);
  7. }

四：Test

  1. @SpringBootTest
  2. @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
  3. class SpringbootMongodbApplicationTests {
  5.     @Autowired
  6.     private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
  8.     @Test
  9.     void testMongoDB() {
  10.         User document = new User();
  11.         document.setId("1");
  12.         document.setUsername("monday");
  13.         document.setNickname("mengday");
  14.         document.setAge(30);
  15.         document.setCreateTime(new Date());
  16.         document.setUserInfo(new UserInfo(1));
  17.         document.setTags(Arrays.asList("xiaojiejie", "dog"));
  18.         document.setAddresses(Arrays.asList(
  19.                 new Address("shanghai", "pudong"),
  20.                 new Address("beijing", "chaoyang")
  21.         ));
  23.         mongoTemplate.dropCollection(User.class);
  24.         mongoTemplate.save(document);
  26.         // 更新
  27.         Update update = new Update();
  28.         update.set("password", "123456");
  29.         update.inc("age", -1);
  30.         mongoTemplate.updateMulti(new Query(Criteria.where("_id").in("1", "2")), update, User.class);
  32.         
  33.         List<User> findAll = mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class);
  34.         User findById = mongoTemplate.findById("1", User.class);
  36.         // is 相当于SQL中的 =
  37.         // is的值是类型必须和id的数据类型一致
  38.         Query query = new Query();
  39.         query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("_id").is("1"));
  40.         User findOne = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, User.class);
  41.         System.out.println(findOne);
  43.         // 左匹配 LIKE 'mon%'
  44.         Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^mon.*$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
  45.         Query regexQuery = new Query(Criteria.where("username").regex(pattern));
  46.         List<User> find = mongoTemplate.find(regexQuery, User.class);
  47.         System.out.println(find);
  48.         
  49.         
  50.         // 右匹配 LIKE '%@126.com'
  51.         Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^.*@126.com$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
  52.         Query regexQuery = new Query(Criteria.where("email").regex(pattern));
  53.         List<User> findList = mongoTemplate.find(regexQuery, User.class);
  55.         
  56.         
  57.         // 模糊匹配 LIKE '%法%'
  58.         pattern = Pattern.compile("^.法.*$*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
  59.         regexQuery = new Query(Criteria.where("username").regex(pattern));
  60.         findList = mongoTemplate.find(regexQuery, User.class);
  62.         
  63.         
  64.         // 完全匹配 = 'monday'
  65.         pattern = Pattern.compile("^monday$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
  66.         regexQuery = new Query(Criteria.where("username").regex(pattern));
  67.         findList = mongoTemplate.find(regexQuery, User.class);
  68.         
  70.         
  71.         // 多条键查询 andOperator(相当于SQL中的 and并且)
  72.         Criteria andCriatira = new Criteria();
  73.         andCriatira.andOperator(Criteria.where("age").gte(29), Criteria.where("username").is("monday"));
  74.         List<User> find = mongoTemplate.find(new Query(andCriatira), User.class);
  77.         // or
  78.         Criteria orCriatira = new Criteria();
  79.         orCriatira.orOperator(Criteria.where("_id").in("1", "2"), Criteria.where("username").is("monday"));
  80.         List<User> find = mongoTemplate.find(new Query(orCriatira), User.class);
  82.         
  83.         
  84.         // 分页
  85.         int page = 1;
  86.         int pageSize = 5;
  87.         int offset = (page - 1) * pageSize;
  89.         Query query = new Query();
  90.         Sort sort = Sort.by(Sort.Direction.DESC, "_id");
  91.         query.with(sort).skip(offset).limit(pageSize);
  92.         List<User> find = mongoTemplate.find(query, User.class);
  93.         System.out.println(find);
  95.         //封装查询条件
  96.         // Aggregation.group("属性名") 不是字段名，不是_id
  97.         List<AggregationOperation> operations = new ArrayList<>();
  98.         operations.add(Aggregation.match(Criteria.where("_id").is("1")));
  99.         operations.add(Aggregation.group("id").sum("age").as("totalAge"));
  100.         operations.add(Aggregation.sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "_id"));
  101.         operations.add(Aggregation.skip(1L));
  102.         operations.add(Aggregation.limit(2));
  103.         Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(operations);
  105.         //查询、并获取结果
  106.         AggregationResults<UserAgg> aggregationResults = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, User.class, UserAgg.class);
  107.         List<UserAgg> mappedResults = aggregationResults.getMappedResults();
  108.         System.out.println(mappedResults);
  109.     }
  110. }
  1. @Data
  2. @NoArgsConstructor
  3. @AllArgsConstructor
  4. public class UserAgg {
  5.     private String id;
  6.     private Integer totalAge;
  7. }

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原文链接 : https://monday.blog.csdn.net/article/details/115674522

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